Elizabethan Life/Elizabethan Dance

Christian Gabriel Mrs. Molnar English 1 Pre-IB 23 May 2011 Elizabethan Life/Elizabethan Dance was a fundamental piece of the way of life in the Elizabethan Era. Not exclusively did the respectable class appreciate it, yet in addition the lower class. Move was utilized in festivities and parties, and frequently, only for relaxation. Renowned moving bosses showed these moves. These moves included one of a kind structures and unique styles (Hall 81). As a matter of first importance, moving bosses were extraordinary administrations for the English Elizabethan Court.In the Elizabethan time, it was required for English Elizabethan Court individuals to have involvement with moving, particularly in light of the fact that Queen Elizabethan empowered it among every last bit of her subjects (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). The most well known moving bosses were Thoinot Arbeau, Fabritio Caroso, and Cesare Negri (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). Thoinot Arbeau was conceived on March 17, 1520. He was known a s a theoretican and student of history of move. He delivered a moving manual called the Orchesographie. This moving manual contained deliberately point by point, bit by bit depictions of sixteenth move forms.His administrations were extremely useful to the Elizabethan Court (Hall 81). Fabritio Caroso da Sermoneta was an Italian Renaissance moving expert. His move manual, Il Ballarino, was distributed in 1581. Another was Nobilta di Dame, which was imprinted in 1600. A large number of the moves of Fabritio Caroso's manuals are intended for two artists with a couple for at least four artists. These manuals offer a lot of data to move students of history. Huge numbers of the moves additionally contain commitments to respectable ladies who were individuals from the Elizabethan Court (Hall 81). Cesare Negri was an Italian artist and choreographer.Born in Milan, he established a move foundation there in 1554. He composed the move manual Le Grazie d'Amore, the main content on artful dance hypothesis to elucidate the rule of the â€Å"five fundamental positions†. Negri was a functioning Elizabethan Court choreographer for the respectability in Italy (Hall 81). Arbeau, Caroso, and Negri all showed numerous types of move. There were numerous straightforward moves performed during the Elizabethan Era. Moves for the high society incorporated the Tintertell, the Saltarello, and the Ballet. Lower class moves incorporated the Jig, the Brawle, and Morris Dancing (Alichin/Elizabethan Dance). It was incomprehensible for a large number of the high society moves to be performed by the lower class and bad habit versa† (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). Thus, moves were just for one’s explicit class (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). High society moves required the utilization of enormous instruments, for example, console instruments. A famous move of the high society was the Tintertell. It was a complex hit the dance floor with mind boggling steps and subtleties. The Tintert ell was performed with couple and at Masques or other Elizabethan gatherings at that point (â€Å"Medieval And Renaissance Dances†). Other privileged moves were the Saltarello and the Ballet.The Saltarello is a move demonstrated after a portion of the more typical moves. It requires dynamic advances joined with bouncing (Miller/Renaissance Dance Steps). The Ballet is a formal and dignified move structure built up at the French Court in the sixteenth century moved via prepared experts. It is fundamentally the same as the Ballet performed today, with the exception of a lot less complex (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). Beside privileged moves, lower class moves would have been performed at fairs and celebrations, other than Masques and gatherings. A few moves of the lower class were the Brawle, the Jig, and Morris Dancing.To start, the Brawle was a â€Å"immensely well known move performed during celebrations† (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). In this move, individuals are around an d move sideways (Evans/SCA Renaissance Dance). The Jig is a lower class move, which was related with the traditions and celebrations celebrated in Elizabethan England. The move comprises of thrashing legs, bouncing feet, and twisting legs (Evans/SCA Renaissance Dance). Ultimately, Morris Dancing was a custom society move acted in provincial England by gatherings of exceptionally picked and prepared men. It depends on cadenced venturing and the execution of horeographed figures by a gathering of artists. The artists used sticks, blades, tissues, and ringers to apply innovativeness (Hall 81). In spite of the fact that there were numerous kinds of moves, moving in the Elizabethan Era had certain manners. Moving was a formal and exceptional issue. It had numerous developments and styles (Miller/Renaissance Dance Steps). These styles included Singles and Doubles, Saltarello, Reverence, and Signals. These types of behavior were the rules of moving in that time (Singman 137). One moving de corum arrangement was the Singles and Doubles (Miller/Renaissance Dance Steps). These are basically just strides forward or in reverse. They normally began with the left foot† (Miller/Renaissance Dance Steps). Regularly, the artists will say, â€Å"Double forward, single back! †, which makes the entire parade push ahead progressively over the move floor (â€Å"Medieval and Renaissance Dances†). Another arrangement was the Saltarello. It required dynamic advances. The Saltarello was a structure utilized in expanded development move like the Jig. For instance, the move required three quick advances and a bounce toward the end (Hall 81). Different moves required a progressively conduct factor.These practices included Reverence and Signals. Love, otherwise called reverena, was only a type of regard for the artists. For instance, the men would bow, while the ladies twist their knees in a type of a curtsey (Singman 137). Certain artists utilized signs to draw in differ ent artists. Ladies certainly utilized this strategy (Hall 81). Ladies utilized their fans to flag their accomplice. Thus, the fans were extremely emblematic. For instance, â€Å"a fan completely open with the left hand implied, ‘Come and converse with me’† or â€Å"a shut fan in the correct hand implied, ‘Follow me’† (Hall 81).The signs were keys to organization and science in moving (Hall 81). To finish up, moving was noteworthy in the way of life of Elizabethans (â€Å"Medieval and Renaissance Dance†). It was mainstream because of the way that the two classes could be included. It was one of a kind in the numerous sorts and arrangements of move. From high society moves like the Tintertell, to bring down class moves, for example, the Brawle (Alchin/Elizabethan Dance). What they every single shared wa the requirement for a specific innovation, motivation, and uniqueness.

Homeless Americans Essay -- essays research papers fc

In our present time of monetary thriving in the United States, numerous individuals are appreciating more noteworthy riches, higher income, and productive speculations. Joblessness rates are accounted for to be low, and wages high. However there is as yet a remarkable measure of vagrants living in the United States. In an article entitled â€Å"The Criminalization of Homelessness† Celine-Marie Pascale attempts to pass on how the destitute are being dealt with unjustifiably by society. Criminalization may be excessively solid a word to apply to the discipline of vagrants, yet Pascale is attempting to say something about the destitute circumstance in the United States today. I might want to investigate this article and analyze the focuses she is attempting to make. Pascale starts her article by expressing that numerous U.S. urban communities are sanctioning laws which would rebuff destitute people for doing things numerous ‘ordinary’ individuals do constantly. For example, standing around or resting out in the open (320). She expresses that the California Homeless and Housing Coalition appraises that there are around a million vagrants in California alone. Eight self administered urban communities in southern California and at any rate one city in northern California passed hostile to dozing laws, says Pascale (320). Another law in the city of San Francisco states that it is â€Å"illegal to wait for over 60 seconds inside 30 feet of a programmed teller in use† (321). The city of San Francisco invested a great deal of energy and cash to capture 15 individuals for asking in 1993 and Pascale claims that there are a few other significant urban communities in the U.S. with comparable laws (321). As indicated by Pascale, Berkeley utilizes intruding laws and sauntering laws to keep individuals off the walkways and away from places like parks and laundromats. Also, in Santa Cruz you can be captured for sitting on a walkway, dozing outside, or in any event, dozing in a vehicle (321). Pascale declares that the purpose behind these laws is to ensure the organizations situated around these zones. She likewise says that â€Å"no one needs to run a guantlet of beggars to get to a boutique or venture over individuals resting on the walkway to purchase a cappuccino† (321). Furthermore, consequently, most entrepreneurs think it ponders gravely them if there are vagrants dillydallying or staying in bed front of their store (321). Pascale calls attention to that, by and large, the vast majority accept that it is the individual’s deficiency tha... ... individuals who can’t appear to deal with life’s moves go to wrongdoing to make sure they can go to jail since jail is a simple way out for them. You get free lodging and free nourishment for whatever length of time that you are there. Despite the fact that this isn't the situation as a rule, there are some who might discover this game plan engaging. In â€Å"The Criminalization of Homelessness,† Pascale makes a reasonable showing of giving her crowd that vagrants are not being dealt with well indeed. She advises us regarding the issue by giving refered to insights and explicit models, however she could have included more subtleties to come to her meaningful conclusion more grounded. Webster’s word reference characterizes a criminal as somebody who is seen as liable of a genuine offense by disregarding the law. Vagrancy is a long way from a genuine offense, and it is a long way from being treated as a genuine offense. In any case, she is correct that we have to change the manner in which we handle the destitute. As I would like to think, Pascale’s article was a greater amount of an educational paper on the laws of certain urban communities than a genuine article about the issue in this country concerning vagrancy. Works Cited Begrens, Laurence; Rosen, Leonard J. Composing and Reading Across the Curriculum. seventh ed. New York, Longman, 2000. 320-322.

201 Online Research Databases and Search Engines

201 Online Research Databases and Search Engines Whether you are conducting extensive research for an academic program or simply interested in learning more about the world around you, online databases and search engines are a great way to study from the comfort of your home or dorm. Thats why weve compiled a list of 202 websites and databases to help you do just that. While some require subscription or a library membership, many are open access, allowing you to find the data and information you need absolutely free of charge.Business and EconomicsHumanities, Social Sciences, Anthropology, Religion and PhilosophyMathematics and Computer ScienceMultidisciplinaryEngineering and AgricultureScience and MedicineMilitary StudiesEducation, Linguistics and LawPhoto by rawpixel on UnsplashBusiness and EconomicsBPubsâ€"BPubs is a search engine to access business and trade publications.EconBizâ€"EconBiz focuses on economic and business studies, offering searches of all free access journals and open access material. Provided by the ZBW - Germa n National Library of Economics, a part of the Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, the database opened in 2002 as the Virtual Library for Economics and Business Studies.EconLitâ€"This is a collection of 120+ years of economic research spearheaded by the American Economic Association. Focusing on literature in the field of economics, EconLit contains academic sources dating back to 1969.EconStorâ€"EconStor is a non-commercial public server by the ZBM with a large collection of economic literature, including 167,526 full texts. In contains open access full-text versions of working papers, journal articles and conference proceedings, all of which authors and editors can submit free of charge.EDGAR Searchâ€"EDGAR Search is a searchable database offered by The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Its purpose is to provide information and access to more than 21 million findings relating to SEC filings published, including operations and financial information searchable by compan y name.IDEASâ€"IDEAS claims to be the largest bibliographic database dedicated to Economics that is available for free on the Internet. It is a volunteer effort to increase free dissemination of research in Economics and uses RePEc data. Authors who submit their work receive a monthly tally of its popularity, including its ranking on the database.Inomicsâ€"Inomics is a search tool for jobs and academic programs in disciplines such as Economics, Business, Finance, Management and Marketing. You can also search by subject and curate a newsfeed of articles related to these disciplines.National Bureau of Economic Researchâ€"The National Bureau of Economic Research offers this searchable database of working papers, books, chapters from books in progress, and other free publications related to research in Economics. Topics include themes such as: Africa, Charter Schools, Childhood Interventions, Chinas Economy, Commodity, Prices, Developments in the European Economy, Energy, Entrepreneursh ip, Immigration and Innovation, Inequality, International Capital Flows, Productivity and Growth, and Taxation.Research Papers in Economicsâ€"Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) is a collaborative, volunteer project boasting archives containing 2.6 million research pieces from 3,000 journals and 4,600 working papers. Its purpose is to increase the dissemination of economic research.Photo by Billeasy on UnsplashHumanities, Social Sciences, Anthropology, Religion and PhilosophyAgeLineâ€"The AgeLine database is a subscription-based online resource for gerontology research, and research relating to topics of aging. It is ideal for health organizations, government entities, and nursing service providers.AllMusicâ€"AllMusic is an online database cataloging more than 3 million albums and 30 million tracks. It also offers extensive information relating to bands and/or individual artists.Anthropological Index Onlineâ€"The Anthropological Index Online (AIO) is a service of the Royal Anthropo logical Institute (RAI) and supported by the Anthropology Library and Research Centre at the British Museum. It boasts approximately 4,000 periodical titles with content from various branches of anthropology, along with 800 journals, published in more than 40 languages.Anthropological Literatureâ€"This subscription-based database offers indexing for anthropology and archaeology, including social and cultural anthropology, Old and New World archaeology, and physical anthropology.Artcyclopediaâ€"Artcylopedia is a database listing information about 9,000 artists and 2,900 art sites, and provides 160,000 links relative to the art world. It is searchable by artist, artwork, or museum location.Arts Humanities Citation Indexâ€"The Arts Humanities Citation Index offers abstracts and indexing of 1,700+ journals published in the arts and humanities. With multiple subject categories, such as cultural studies, literature, and theater, the database is searchable by category or specific journal title.ATLA Religion Databaseâ€"The ATLA Religion Database (ATLA RDB) is a subscription-based index, with journal articles, book reviews, and essays related to religion or religious studies. Published by the American Theological Library, the database contains 2.1 million article citations from over 1,940+ journals, along with over half a million book reviews.Chinese Social Sciences Citation Indexâ€"Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index is based in China and developed by Nanjing University. It contains about 500 Chinese academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, and is used as basis for the evaluation of academic promotion among several universities.Encyclopedia of Psychologyâ€"The Encyclopedia of Psychology is provided by Psych Central and offers links to various psychology topics and resources. It provides information on psychological conditions, tests, blogs and podcasts, clinical trials, academic resources, and forums and support groups.Inspireâ€"INSPIREs main goal is to provide a repository for spatial information throughout Europe. This EU initiative seeks help to make spatial or geographical information accessible for those working in various stages of land development.International Aging Research Portfolioâ€"International Aging Research Portfolio (IARP) contains an open-access directory for grants, publications, and academic conferences in social and behavioral sciences. 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The print version has been in publication since 1928.Library of Anglo-American Culture Historyâ€"The Library of Anglo-American Culture History, funded by the German Research Foundation, offers access to journals, newspapers, and databases in English Studies, American Studies, Canadian Studies, and Australian and New Zealand studies.Literary Encyclopediaâ€"The Literary Encyclopedia is a subscription-based database that publishes biographies of major and minor writers, as well as critical essays on literature, culture, and history.National Criminal Justice Reference Serviceâ€"The National Criminal Justice Reference Service offers this database through funding by the U.S. government. It is focused on content related to criminal justice and is a resource for law enforcement, policymakers, practitioners, and researchers. With its expansive collection of reports, books, research, and unpublished research, it is also valuable to educator s, community leaders, and the general public.OpenEdition.orgâ€"OpenEdition offers a searchable database of books and journals in the humanities and social sciences. Many are free access, along with services provided by libraries and subscribing institutions.Open Library of Humanitiesâ€"Open Library of Humanities is a registered charity in England and Wales and contains a searchable database of open access journals in the humanities.PhilPapersâ€"PhilPapers is a searchable database and bibliography of philosophy that is maintained by the community of philosophers. It includes various content in philosophy, including journals, books, open access archives, and personal pages, with 2,429,107 entries categorized in 5,408 categories.Philosophy Research Indexâ€"The Philosophy Research Index offers bibliographic information on articles, books, reviews, dissertations, and other documents related to the field of philosophy. It includes over 1.34 million bibliographic records in 30 languages.PO PLINEâ€"POPLINE provides free access to 380,000 publications and resources related to family planning and reproductive health, including many full-text copies.Project MUSEâ€"Project MUSE provides complete, full-text versions of scholarly journals. It contains over 674 journals from 125 publishers and offers over 50,000 books from more than 100 presses.Psychologys Feminist Voicesâ€"Psychologys Feminist Voices (PFV) is a digital archive of past and contemporary feminist psychologists who have contributed to psychological research. It contains biographical profiles, oral history interview transcripts, video content, timelines, bibliographies, teaching resources, and an original 40-minute documentary on the current status of feminist psychology in the United States.PsycINFOâ€"PsycINFO, supported by the American Psychological Association, offers a searchable database containing abstracts and citations of literature that has been published in the field of psychology.PubPsychâ€"PubPsych is a searchable, open access database containing psychology-related resources. Users can search in English, Spanish, French and German.Questiaâ€"Questia is an online research and paper writing resource with more than 94,000 online books. 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It contains over 37,000 articles, including features, reviews, and 600 audio interviews with musicians.Social Science Citation Indexâ€"Provided by Clarivate Analytics, the Social Science Citation Index contains approximately 3,000 leading academic journals across more than 50 disciplines.Social Science Research Networkâ€"The Social Science Research Network (SSRN) offers 837,220 research papers from 416,090 researchers across 30 disciplines.SocioSiteâ€"S ocioSite is maintained by the University of Amsterdam and contains research related to sociological subjects, including activism, culture, peace, and racism.SocioWebâ€"SocioWeb is a searchable database containing including websites, online directories, articles, surveys and statistics, and journals related to the study of sociology. It also contains links to sociological associations.State Legislative Websites Directoryâ€"The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) contains information gathered from the home pages and websites of the 50 state legislatures, the District of Columbia and the territories. Researchers can view bills, press rooms, and statutes from each state.The Womens Libraryâ€"The Womens Library is part of the London School of Economics and Political Science. It offers an online database of journals, articles, and cross-domain printed material, archives and 3D objects relating to womens history.University of Oxford Text Archiveâ€"The Oxford Text Archive offers a searchable database of literary and linguistic resources for use in research and teaching. It is part of the CLARIN European Research Infrastructure and is part of the University of Oxfords contribution to the CLARIN-UK Consortium.U.S. Metropolitan Travel Survey Archiveâ€"U.S. Metropolitan Travel Survey Archive is funded by The United States Department of Transportation and provides free access to travel surveys conducted by cities, states and localities.VET-Bibâ€"VET-Bib is a database offering bibliographic information for European vocational education and training (VET) literature and is maintained by the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop).WikiArcâ€"WikiArc is a search tool for professionals, students and researchers interested in the fields of archaeology, classical antiquity, paleoanthropology, forensic anthropology, cultural heritage studies, and Quaternary sciences.Photo by Roman Mager on UnsplashMathematics and Computer Science2arXiv e-pri nt Archiveâ€"Offered by Cornell University Library, arXiv.org is an open access database, allowing users to search for 1,480,478 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance, Statistics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science, and Economics.Association for Computing Machinery Digital Libraryâ€"The ACM Digital Library offers a searchable database of full-text Collection ACM publications, including journals, conference proceedings, technical magazines, newsletters and books.Citebase Searchâ€"Citebase is the product of a collaboration between Opcit Project and the Open Archives Initiative. 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It also provides resource s such as algorithms, data, metadata, services, techniques, and software.Collection of Computer Science Bibliographiesâ€"This searchable database offers bibliographies of computer science literature and contains more than 7 million references to journal articles, conference papers and technical reports in the field of computer science.Computer Science Technical Reportsâ€"As a service offered by the computer science department of Virginia Tech, Computer Science Technical Reports is collection of computer science technical reports from CS departments and industrial and government research laboratories around the world.dblp computer science bibliographyâ€"This searchable database offers open access bibliographic information academic journals within the computer science field. It is run by the University of Trier and Schloss Dagstuhl.HCI Bibliographyâ€"The HCI Bibliography offers access to bibliographies, weblogs, columns, news, and developer resources related to human-computer interact ion.IEEE Xploreâ€"Along with material published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the IEEE Xplore database provides access to more than 4.5-million documents related to the fields of computer science, electrical engineering, electronics. Full-text documents require a subscription.Inspecâ€"Inspec is run by the Institution of Engineering and Technology and provides access to 17 million abstracts in the fields of physics and engineering.MathGuideâ€"The MathGuide offers links to all core areas of mathematics, with the goal to index and catalog quality math resources and scholarly links.The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographiesâ€"The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies offers more than 7 million bibliographies (mostly to journal articles, conference papers and technical reports) of scientific literature in computer science from various sources, covering most aspects of computer science.zbMATHâ€"zbMath is a searchable database for finding d ocuments, authors, and journals related to mathematics. While some are open access, others require payment.Photo by Angela Compagno on UnsplashMultidisciplinaryAcademic Indexâ€"The Academic Index is a meta-search tool that indexes research-quality reference and information sources selected by professional librarians, educators, and educational and library consortia. It currently provides access to over 300,000 web pages.Academic Searchâ€"Provided by EBSCO Publishing, the Academic Search database is a subscription-based research database providing access to peer-reviewed, full-text journals.African Journals OnLineâ€"African Journals OnLine (AJOL) offers access to peer-reviewed, African-published scholarly journals. Users can browse peer-reviewed journals from Africa, download full-text articles from journal homepages, and search for an article by title, author/s or keywords.Airiti Incâ€"The Airiti Library provides a search platform in Chinese that features full-text academic journal articles, doctoral dissertations, and conference paper compilations.Archives Hubâ€"Archives Hub offers access to archives in over 300 institutions around Scotland, England, and Wales, providing links to digital content when available.BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engineâ€"Created and run by the Bielefeld University Library, BASE harvests metadata from institutional and other academic digital libraries. It offers over 120 million documents from across over 6000 sources with an easy-to-use search engine.Book Review Index Onlineâ€"Book Review Index Online offers access to book reviews from 1965 to the present published in nearly 500 periodicals and newspapers. You will need a New York Public Library card to access it free of charge.Books in Printâ€"Books in Print is a subscription-based service providing bibliographic information on published works to the book trade, including publishers, booksellers, libraries, and individuals.Catalog of U.S. Government Publicationsâ€"The CGP offers access to federal publications, including direct links to the full document, when available. Users can search by authoring agency, title, subject, and general keywords, or click on Advanced Search for more options.CIA World Factbookâ€"The World Factbook offers a searchable database on the history, people, government, economy, geography, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues for 267 countries and locales around the world. References tools also available are maps of the major world regions, Flags of the World, a Physical Map of the World, a Political Map of the World, a World Oceans map, and a Standard Time Zones of the World map.CiNiiâ€"CiNii (pronounced like sigh-knee) is an open-access database offering access to articles, Books, Journals and Dissertations. It also includes university research bulletins or articles from the National Diet Librarys Japanese Periodicals Index Database.CiteULikeâ€"CiteULike provides free access, allowing users to store and share scholarly papers. The site extracts citations automatically from stored papers.CogPrintsâ€"CogPrints is an an electronic archive for papers in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Linguistics, Computer Science, Philosophy, Biology, Medicine, and Anthropology.COREâ€"CORE aggregates all open-access research from academic journals and entities worldwide, with the mission of making them available to the public.De Gruyter Openâ€"De Gruyter is an academic publisher of open access books, with more than 1000 open access books available on the website. Authors can also publish open access, although all publications are subject to peer review.Digital Library of the Commons Repositoryâ€"The DLC offers free and open access to articles (some full text), papers, and dissertations. There is also an author-submission portal; an Image Database; the Comprehensive Bibliography of the Commons; and a Keyword Thesaurus.Directory of Open Access Journalsâ€"DOAJ is an online directory that is community cura ted and indexed to provide open access to peer-reviewed journals across multiple fields and topics.EBSCO Open Dissertationsâ€"EBSCO Open Dissertations is a free database with more than 800,000 electronic theses and dissertations submitted globally.EThOSâ€"EThOS aims to improve the availability of doctoral research theses in the UK, making publicly-funded research freely available for all researchers.Genamics JournalSeekâ€"Genamics JournalSeek is a categorized database of freely available journal information, and currently contains information for 39,226 titles across disciplines. This information includes the journals aims and scope, journal abbreviation, journal homepage link, subject category and ISSN.GeoRefâ€"Created by the American Geosciences Institute in 1966, the GeoRef database provides access to geoscience via a bibliographic database in the geosciences. It currently contains over 3.9 million references to geoscience journal articles, books, maps, conference papers, reports and theses.Google Booksâ€"Google Books allows users to search through millions of books available online. If permission has been given, users can read the full text.Google Correlateâ€"Google Correlate is a part of Google Trends, allowing the user to submit a query for finding similar patterns to a target data series. Think of it as Google Trends in reverse.Google Scholarâ€"Google Scholar allows broad searches for academic literature across multiple disciplines, including articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions.Google Trendsâ€"Google Trends offers searches that show how frequently a given search term is entered into Googles search engine relative to total search volume over a given period of time. It also provides geographical information about search engine users.Indian Citation Indexâ€"The Indian Citation Index (ICI) database offers access to approximately 1000 top Indian scholarly journals across the sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities.Infotopiaâ€"Infoto pia is an academic search engine that is curated by librarians, teachers and other educational workers.Ingentaâ€"The Ingenta Connect portal is a subscription-based content management system that hosts more than 5 million articles and 16,000 publications from 350 publishers.International Medieval Bibliographyâ€"The International Medieval Bibliography (IMB) is a subscription-based database that offers current bibliographies of articles in journals related to Classics, English Language and Literature, History and Archaeology, Theology and Philosophy, Medieval European Languages and Literatures, Arabic and Islamic Studies, History of Education, Art History, Music, Theatre and Performance Arts, Rhetoric and Communication Studies.iSEEK Educationâ€"iSEEK Education is a search engine that compiles thousands of authoritative resources from university and government sources.J-Gateâ€"J-Gate allows users to access global e-journal literature, including 10 Million full-text articles from 49,000+ journals covering Agriculture and biological Sciences, Arts and humanities, Basic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, and Social and Management Sciences.JSTORâ€"JSTOR provides access for researchers and students to more than 12 million academic journal articles, books, and primary sources across 75 disciplines.JURNâ€"JURN provides an academic search-engine, indexing 3,952 free e-journals in the arts and humanities.Library of Congressâ€"The U.S. Library of Congress Online Catalog provides access to dozens of recommended free databases, indexing and abstracting services, and full-text reference resources in the Arts and Humanities, Law, News and Current Events, Regional and Cultural Studies, Science and Technology, and Social Sciences.Mendeleyâ€"Mendeley allows researchers to add papers directly from their browser and generate references, citations and bibliographies across various formats. 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It includes scholarly communication in all research fields, from Sciences, Technology, Medicine, to Social Sciences, to Humanities and Arts.Readers Guide Retrospective: 1890â€"1982â€"Readers Guide Retrospective: 1890-1982 is a subscription-based index of over three million articles from more than 550 leading magazines including full coverage of the original print volumes of Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.Readers Guide to Periodical Literatureâ€"Readers Guide to Periodical Literature is a subscription-based index covering topics in art, business, education and entertainment.RefSeek†"Refseek is a search engine that pulls from over one billion web pages, encyclopedias, journals and books, providing easy access to PDFs of academic papers.ResearchGateâ€"ResearchGate is part publication index/part networking site for scientists and researchers. It offers free access to over 15 million members from all over the world to share, discover, and discuss research.SafetyLitâ€"SafetyLit offers indexed reports from researchers who work in disciplines related to preventing and researching unintentional injuries, violence, and self-harm. These include agriculture, anthropology, architecture, economics, education, engineering specialties, ergonomics and human factors, faith scholars, health and medicine, law and law enforcement, psychology, social work, sociology, and other fields.Scientific Electronic Library Onlineâ€"SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) is an open-access bibliographic database, digital library, and cooperative electronic publishing model for journals . It is available in English, Portuguese and Spanish.SCIndeksâ€"SCIndeks is a hybrid open-access and subscription-based database containing metadata and citation data for scientific publishing in Serbia, including some full-text articles.Scopusâ€"Scopus is the largest subscription-based abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature, including scientific journals, books and conference proceedings.SearchTeam.comâ€"SearchTeam is a collaborative search engine that allows you to conduct searches along with your friends, colleagues and coworkers.Smithsonian Institution Research Information Systemâ€"The Smithsonian Collections Search Center is an online database offering access to most of the major collections from Smithsonian museums, archives, libraries, and research units. It contains 13.5 million catalog records in Art Design, History Culture, and Science Technology with over 3.1 million images, videos, audio files, podcasts, blog posts and electronic journals.Socolar†"Socolar is a searchable database containing open-access content from journals in Agriculture and Food Sciences, Arts and Architecture, Biology and Life Sciences, Business and Economics, Chemistry, Earth and Environmental Sciences, General Works, Health Sciences, History and Archaeology, Languages and Literatures, Law and Political Science, Mathematics and Statistics, Philosophy and Religion, Physics and Astronomy, Science, Social Sciences, Technology and Engineering, and Library and Information Science.Sparrhoâ€"Sparrho combines human and artificial intelligence to complement traditional methods of finding academic material.The British Library Catalogues Digital Collectionsâ€"The British Library offers multiple digital collections, including digitized manuscripts, sounds online, the endangered archives programme, and the British newspaper archive (among others).Ulrichswebâ€"Ulrichsweb is a subscription-based database that helps librarians and subscribers avoid gathering serials in formation in bits and pieces from multiple sources, and brings together the latest bibliographic and provider details in one location.Virtual Learning Resources Centerâ€"The Virtual Learning Resources Center (VLRC) hosts thousands of scholarly websites selected by teachers and librarians from around the world.Wiley Online Libraryâ€"The Wiley Online Library hosts one of the worlds most extensive multidisciplinary, open-access collections of online resources covering life, health and physical sciences, social science, and the humanities. It contains over 4 million articles from 1,500 journals, 9,000 books, and hundreds of multi-volume reference works, laboratory protocols and databases.Wolfram Alphaâ€"Wolfram Alpha is a computational knowledge engine that provides answers for questions across a wide range of disciplines and knowledge.WorldCatâ€"WorldCat is the worlds largest network offering access to library content and services. Some resources may require library membership to acces s.Zenodoâ€"Zenodo is a shared research database featuring topics in the Sciences and Humanities. Users can also create and curate communities for a workshop, project, department, journal, or digital repository.Photo by Angela Compagnone on UnsplashEngineering and AgricultureAbandoned Little-Known Airfieldsâ€"This site offers information on vanished or abandoned U.S. airfields and their unusual histories, searchable by state.Aerospace High Technology Databaseâ€"This database requires Princeton University or ProQuest authentication to access. It covers all aspects of applied research in the aerospace and space sciences, providing indexing and abstracts from periodicals, conference papers, trade journals, magazines, books, patents and technical reports dating back to the early 1960s.AGRICOLA: Agricultural Online Accessâ€"Run by the United States Department of Agriculture, this database is produced by the National Agricultural Library (NAL) and consists of two subsets of records: the first, including citations for journal articles that include abstracts; and the second, including bibliographic records describing monographs, serials, audiovisual materials and online content from around the world.AGRISâ€"Run by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, AGRIS offers a searchable database of papers, data, statistics, and multimedia material related to Agricultural Science and Technology Information.ASCE Libraryâ€"The ASCE Library offers a searchable database of civil engineering content, with articles from ASCE journals, papers from conference proceedings, and e-books and standards compiled by the American Society of Civil Engineers.CAB Abstractsâ€"CAB Abstracts is a subscription-based international bibliographic database focusing on agricultural literature and containing over 9.1 million records (from 1973 onward). It contains subjects relating to agriculture, environment, forestry, veterinary sciences, applied economics, food science, nutrition, and allied disciplines in the life sciences.Civil Engineering Databaseâ€"Run by the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Civil Engineering Database offers an open-access bibliographic database for all ASCE publications including journals, conference proceedings, books, standards, manuals, magazines, and newspapers related to civil engineering.Ei Compendexâ€"Ei Compendex is subscription-based and claims to be the broadest and most complete engineering literature database available in the world, providing peer reviewed and indexed publications with over 20 million records from 77 countries across 190 engineering disciplines.FSTA â€" Food Science and Technology Abstractsâ€"This subscription-based database covers literature on every aspect of the food chain, including biotechnology, microbiology, food safety, additives, nutrition, packaging and pet foods.National Agricultural Library: Ag Data Commons Betaâ€"The National Agricultural Librarys Ag Data Commons Beta offers online acces s to open data relevant to agricultural research, including agronomy, genomics, hydrology, soils, agro-ecosystems, sustainability science, and economic statistics.National Agricultural Library: PubAgâ€"The National Agricultural Librarys PubAg offers online access to 82,670 full-text journal articles on the agricultural sciences.Photo by Louis Reed on UnsplashScience and MedicineAnalytical Sciences Digital Libraryâ€"The Analytical Sciences Digital Library (ASDL) is funded by NSFs National Science Digital Library (NSDL) program and is a database containing peer reviewed innovations in curricular development and supporting technical resources in the analytical sciences.Analytical Abstractsâ€"Analytical Abstracts keeps users up to date regarding recent developments in analytical science, with a searchable updates that consists of article abstracts and details of analyte, matrix and technique.Astrophysics Data Systemâ€"The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a searchable database for researchers in Astronomy and Physics, and is maintained by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) under a NASA grant. It contains three bibliographic databases comprised of more than 14.2 million records covering publications in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics, and the arXiv e-prints.Behavioral and Brain Sciencesâ€"Behavioral and Brain Sciences is a database containing psychology and brain science articles.Beilstein databaseâ€"The Beilstein database is a subscription-based database of organic chemistry compounds, with over 6,000,000 structures and about 5,000,000 reactions. It is advertised as being the largest database in the field of organic chemistry.Bioline Internationalâ€"Bioline is maintained by librarians and researchers, and provides a platform for the distribution of peer-reviewed journals in bioscience. Its content is currently from Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Ghana, India, Iran, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda and Venezuela.Biological Abstractsâ€"Biological Abstracts is a subscription-based database containing a collection of bibliographic references for life science and biomedical research literature.BioMed Centralâ€"BioMed Central is an open-access, searchable database with an evolving portfolio of high-quality peer-reviewed journals in topics pertaining to biology, physical sciences, mathematics and engineering disciplines.BioOneâ€"BioOne is a nonprofit publisher providing libraries with cost-effective access to high-quality, curated research in science.CancerDataâ€"CancerData.org offers open-access data related to cancer research.CAplusâ€"CAplus is a subscription-based integrated source of journal articles and patent documents in biomedical sciences, chemistry, engineering, materials science, agricultural science and more.CAS Registryâ€"CAS Registry is a database of inorganic and organic substances including minerals, compounds, alloys, mixtures, polymers, and salts. It is used primarily to identify unknown chemical substances using information about names and chemical structure of substances.CERN Document Serverâ€"The CERN Document Servicer is an open-access database offering a digital collection of particle physics and accelerator physics preprints, articles, journals, photographs and more, from the CERN research center.CHBD: Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Databaseâ€"The Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database (CHBD) is a project of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Team in Circumpolar Health Research. It is a free electronic database containing 7900 records describing publications about all aspects of human health in the circumpolar region.ChemBioFinderâ€"ChemBioFinder is a free database containing data, articles and research related to Chemistry.Chemisches Zentralblattâ€"Chemisches Zentralblatt is the first and oldest abstracts journal published in the field of chemistry, covering chemical literature from 1830 to 1969.CINAHL (Cumulative Inde x to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)â€"The CINAHL is a subscription-based database offering fast and easy full-text access to top journals, evidence-based care sheets, quick lessons and more in the fields of Nursing and Allied Health.Cochrane Libraryâ€"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) is a database offering systematic reviews in health care.Current Contents â€" Science Editionâ€"Current Contents is a subscription-based database that provides access to tables of contents, bibliographic information, and abstracts from issues of leading scholarly journals in Life Sciences; Clinical Medicine; Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Sciences; Engineering, Technology, and Applied Sciences; and Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences.Dryadâ€"Dryad is an open repository for data whose vision is to promote a world where research data is openly available, integrated with the scholarly literature, and routinely re-used to create knowledge.Elsevier Open Access Journalsâ €"Elsevier Open Access Journals provides articles in open-access, Elsevier-published journals that have undergone peer review and are permanently free for everyone to read and download.EMBASE for Excerpta Medica databaseâ€"Embase is a biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database to search and access published literature for complying with the regulatory requirements of a licensed drug.Europe PMCâ€"Europe PMC is a repository, providing access to articles in life sciences, as well as books, patents and clinical guidelines.Global Healthâ€"The Global Health database is subscription-based, and focused on research related to community and international health.Global Health Archiveâ€"Global Health Archive is a database for researchers interested in public health and biomedical studies produced between 1910 and 1983. It includes over 800,000 records and provides data related to communicable diseases, nutrition, entomology, helminthology, and mycology.Golm Metabolome Databaseâ€"The Golm Metabolome Database (GMD) allows users to search for and disseminate information on mass spectra from biologically active metabolites quantified using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS).HighWireâ€"HighWire offers links to several online journals in the sciences, many of which are open access.HubMedâ€"HubMed is an alternative, third-party interface to PubMed, a database offering bibliographical information for biomedical literature produced by the National Library of Medicine.IARPâ€"The IARP offers a searchable database for literature and research on aging studies for research investigators, health care policy makers, government officials, interest groups and the general public.Index Copernicusâ€"Index Copernicus is a database containing user-contributed information in the sciences, including scientist profiles, scientific institutions, publications and research projects.MathSciNetâ€"MathSciNet is a searchable database of reviews, abstracts and bibliograph ic information for mathematical sciences literature. The database contains almost 3 million items and over 1.7 million direct links to original articles.MEDLINEâ€"MEDLINE provides bibliographical information, journal citations and abstracts for globally produced biomedical literature.MedlinePlusâ€"MedlinePlus offers searchable information on the latest treatments, drugs or supplements, and links to the latest medical research and clinical trials.The Merck Index Onlineâ€"The Merck Index Online provides a searchable database of medication by compound names, chemical structures, physical and biological activity and properties.Meteorological Geoastrophysical Abstractsâ€"Meteorological Geoastrophysical Abstracts (MGA) provides a searchable database of literature covering topics in meteorology, climatology, atmospheric chemistry and physics, astrophysics, hydrology, glaciology, physical oceanography and environmental sciences.MyScienceWorkâ€"MyScienceWorks open-access feature allows use rs to search across 8,000 full-text documents in the field of science.OASISâ€"The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) provides free neuroimaging data sets of the brain to the scientific community.Organic Research Databaseâ€"This website is a database of abstracts dealing with scientific research involving organic agriculture. It can only be accessed through a subscription.OSTI.gov: Department of Energy Scientific and Technical Informationâ€"OSTI.GOV is run by the U.S. Department of Energy and offers a searchable database for science, technology, and engineering.PolarisOSâ€"PolarisOS is a scientific database including over 70 million scientific publications. It is designed to help scientists of all disciplines access and deposit scientific publications.PubChemâ€"PubChem is a National Institute of Health open database for Chemistry. It is designed to help scientists and the public access information about chemical structure, chemical/physical properties, identifiers, patents , biological activities and safety.Public Library of Scienceâ€"The Public Library of Science is a nonprofit scientific publishing and advocacy website with over 215,000 peer-reviewed scientific articles. The free articles span the subjects of Biology, Genetics, Pathogens, Medicine, and Tropical Diseases and can be redistributed.PubMedâ€"Pubmed is a collection of more than 29 million biomedical citations from online books, MEDLINE, and journals of life science. Some citations have links to full articles.Retinaâ€"This journal features the latest information concerning vitreoretinal disorders, focusing on therapeutic and diagnostic techniques. It features full review articles twelve times a year.Russian Science Citation Indexâ€"Russian Science Citation Index is a bibliographic database of scientific publications published in Russian.ScienceDirectâ€"Science Direct is a large collection of Engineering and Physical Science publications. The articles range from theoretical to applied scien ce covering both foundational and research-based disciplines.Science.govâ€"The website is a collection of 60 databases concerning federal science information. The databases allow users to access over 2,200 websites concerning scientific research and development.ScienceOpenâ€"ScienceOpen is a free Science research, publishing and networking platform with access to over 50 million articles. The website features research database access, social sharing and peer review.Scientillionâ€"Scientillion is a search engine that provides access primarily to articles concerning Physics and Computer Science. It also allows access to e-prints of scientific papers from various fields such as Astronomy, Biology and Mathematics.SciSeekâ€"SciSeek is a science search engine and directory in which users can browse by category, search by keyword, or add new sites to the listings.SciTech Connectâ€"SciTech Connect is a website that features a database of over 3 million research articles from the Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.Scopusâ€"Scopus is a subscription-based abstract and citation database covering approximately 36,377 titles from 11,678 publishers in the fields of life sciences, social sciences, physical sciences and health sciences.Semantic Scholarâ€"Semantic Scholar is a collection of peer-reviewed scientific research articles. The website features access to over 40 million papers from sources such as PubMed, Nature, and ArXiv.SPRESIâ€"Spresi is an integrated scientific chemical database. It features 700,000 references, 4.6 million reactions, and 5.8 molecules that have been abstracted from the literature.SpringerLinkâ€"SpringerLink provides researchers with access to millions of scientific documents from journals, books, series, protocols and reference works.Strategian Scienceâ€"Strategian is a free database to find resources in science, including full-text books, patents, and reports, as well as full-text journal and magazine articles.Tr opical Diseases Bulletinâ€"The tropical diseases bulletin is a database with abstracts and bibliographic information. It is primarily concerned with research on public health and infectious diseases in the developing world.Web of Scienceâ€"Web of Science is a platform that connects the web of science core collection to patent data, an index of specialized subjects and research data sets. It accesses articles from over 33,000 journals.WorldWideScience.orgâ€"WorldWideScience.org is a gateway to both international and national science databases. The goal of the site is to promote scientific progress and discovery by providing one platform to access international science databases.VADLOâ€"VADLO is a search engine for the purpose of accessing life science methods, protocols, and techniques. It gives access to a wide range of life science topics including biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnology.Zoological Recordâ€"Zoological Record is considered to be the oldest existing database of ani mal Biology. It is a leading taxonomic reference, a register of animal names, and covers a wide variety of subjects such as taxonomy, veterinary science, biodiversity, and the environment.Photo by Chuanchai Pundej on UnsplashMilitary StudiesAir University Library Index to Military Periodicalsâ€"Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals is a searchable, open-access database offering bibliographic and full-text information for military books and journal articles.Fold3â€"Fold3 offers access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who currently serve, or have served, in the U.S. military.Photo by Pan Xiaozhen on UnsplashEducation, Linguistics and LawDigital Historyâ€"Digital History is provided by the College of Education at the University of Houston and its purpose is to help teachers of American History in K-12 schools and colleges. It includes learning modules with historical overviews, along with recommended document s, films, historic images, lesson plans, fact checks, and guided student activities.Education Resources Information Centerâ€"Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) offers a searchable digital library of full-text research and bibliographic information in the field of education, and is run by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education.Lesson Planetâ€"Lesson Planet is a membership-based database providing curriculum tools and lesson plans to K-12 educators, librarians, curriculum and technology specialists, and homeschooling parents.LexisNexisâ€"LexisNexis Academic allows users to search and access full-text news, business, and legal publications. It is available in over 1,800 libraries around the world.LingBuzzâ€"Lingbuzz is an archive that is freely accessible and offers linguistics articles, along with articles focusing on the latest research in syntax, semantics, phonology, morphology and more.VET-Bibâ€"VET-Bib is a bibliographic database offering literature and information focused on vocational education and training in Europe.Westlawâ€"Westlaw is a subscription-based online legal research database providing a comprehensive collection of legal information, backed by a rigorous editorial process.